Chernivtsi: Doctors warn of the dangers of measles
Measles is an acute highly contagious viral disease that belongs to a group of infections of the respiratory tract caused by a virus measles is transmitted by airborne droplets, manifested by fever, catarrhal phenomena, rash on the skin and mucous membranes of the cheeks in the form of spots Filatov-Koplo. The measles virus is quite stable in the environment, stored at room temperature for several hours, spread by coughing and sneezing of a sick person. Measles is among the infections with a very light drip of the transmission mechanism and the mass sensitivity, so incidence is in direct proportion to the number of non-immune (not vaccinated) . After the disease persists for a long period of immunity. Babies born to ill mothers, insensitive to Cory first 4 – 6 months of life because during this period remain in the blood of maternal antibodies. The incubation period for measles, the period from the moment of infection before occurrence of first signs of disease is from 8 to 17 days. The disease begins with slight fever, runny nose, sore throat, coughing. On the inner surface of the cheeks at the molars appear education the size of a poppy seed surrounded by a red border, which are called spots Filatov-Koplik and have diagnostic value. After the so-called "catarrhal period" after 3-4 days, there is a characteristic rash that is characterized by the stages of the rash: first behind the ears, on the face, neck, then spreads over the upper body and arms, and then to his feet. The face becomes puffy, watery eyes, continued discharge from the nose. Waves can increase body temperature – to 40.5 ?S. Rash lasts for 3-4 days and then disappears in the same order in which appeared, leaving behind pigmented spots areas. Patients with measles are dangerous to others in the last 1-2 days of incubation period, catarrhal period and the first 4 days of rash. Every third patient of the above disease causes complications: pneumonia, otitis media and other bacterial infections, may worsen hearing, be observed mental retardation. Patients with measles are especially sensitive to streptococcal infection. Due to measles can develop encephalitis or panencephalitis. Measles is very dangerous for pregnant women because it can cause miscarriage or pathological changes in the child's development. The diagnosis of measles is made based on characteristic clinical symptoms and laboratory studies of blood serum of the patient for 4-7 days from date of onset of rash, to identify positive immunoglobulin M positive to measles virus. In case of cell measles in an organized team or at the place of residence carries out the following control measures: contact persons established medical surveillance for 17-21 days, depending on the vaccination status of the contacts. Children over 1 year of age and persons under the age of 30 who are not vaccinated against measles, people who have had measles or have no information about the vaccination on epidemic indications are subject to vaccination against measles within 72 hours after exposure. During the observation period daily in the premises wet cleaning with application of disinfectants and drawn out airing. Contact non-vaccinated children are not permitted to visit the children's organized groups from 8 to 17 days after exposure. Perahori measles are allowed to attend children's preschool institutions and secondary schools after full clinical recovery, no earlier than 10 days from the onset of the disease. The analysis of morbidity of measles in Ukraine indicates that periodic cyclical epidemic process. Over the past 15 years in Ukraine there were 3 lifts measles epidemic (2001, 2006 and 2012), with periodic cycles in 5-6 years. Prior to the introduction of vaccine in 1968 in our country, for the prevention of measles, in the mid-20th century almost every person suffered from this infection, mainly in childhood. Usually the epidemic was seasonal and happened more often in the winter and spring months, repeated at intervals of 2-3 or 3-5 years (depending on the degree of urbanization). Every year in the world recorded nearly 130 million cases of measles and up to 4 million deaths caused by this infection. Annually in the USSR was sick up to 2 million entities. Long-term experience of the routine immunization of the child population against measles have been held for more than 50 years. In Ukraine, as in many countries of the world, in the late 60-ies began the mass, and then routine vaccination measles. They have reduced the incidence of ten times. According to the immunization Calendar, approved by the order of MOZ of Ukraine dated 16.09.2011 ¹595 "On procedure for conducting preventive vaccinations in Ukraine and quality control and circulation of medical immunobiological preparations" routine vaccination against measles are in children ages 12 months and 6 years. For the city of Chernivtsi in the last 3 years (2014-2016) and January 2016 cases of measles were not registered. In 2013, we identified 11 cases (4.4 per 100 thousand population). In 2012 there was a measles outbreak among students and students. In that period of time, there were 185 cases of measles, of which 71 children up to 18 years. For the year 2016 in the Chernivtsi region was 3 cases of measles (Zastavna district – 2 hlybots'kyi district – 1), among them 1 child up to 18 years. In 2015 revealed was 1 case of measles in the region. In 2016. In Chernivtsi the level of vaccination against measles children 1 year consistent supply of vaccines from the Ministry of health and 58.5% of the plan, 22,2% of vaccinated children older than 2 years. Revaccination of children in 6 years was 26.6%, 34% of children were vaccinated over 7 years. Currently, treatment–and-prophylactic institutions of the city in sufficient quantity provided measles vaccine for routine immunization. This was reported in the Chernivtsi city Council.Ïåðåâåäåíî ñåðâèñîì "ßíäåêñ.Ïåðåâîä÷èê": translate.yandex.ru.
Source: http://uzinform.com.ua/
